Who Was Susanna In The Bible?
The story of Susanna in the Bible provides an example of faith and integrity in the face of injustice. Her tale is one of false accusation and steadfast virtue that has inspired many over the centuries.
If you’re short on time, here’s a quick answer to your question: Susanna was a beautiful, God-fearing woman who was falsely accused of adultery by two elders when she refused their sexual advances. Her faith and innocence were eventually vindicated.
In this comprehensive article, we will explore Susanna’s story in depth – from her background and character to the dramatic trial she faced and its outcome. We’ll also look at her lasting symbolic legacy as an archetype of feminine dignity in the Bible and in literature.
Susanna’s Background and Character
A Godly Woman in Israelite Society
Susanna was a virtuous Israelite woman who lived during the time of the Babylonian exile in the 6th century BC. As an Israelite, Susanna would have been brought up to fear God and follow the laws of Moses.
Women like Susanna were expected to manage household affairs and raise children according to the faith. Though women had limited public roles, they contributed significantly to Israelite religious life through their piety, hospitality, and other virtues.
As a God-fearing woman, Susanna was committed to sexual purity, which was highly valued in ancient Israelite culture. Adultery was considered a grave sin. Despite living in a foreign land, Susanna remained devoted to her Israelite faith and values.
Wife and Mother Within Community’s Elite
Susanna was married to Joakim, a wealthy and respected elder in the Jewish community. As his wife, she would have held an elevated status in their social circles in Babylon. Susanna and Joakim were likely members of the Jewish aristocracy who had been exiled from Judah.
Together they had a family, but the Bible does not specify if they had children. As a wife, Susanna would have managed their household, overseen any servants, and provided Joakim with companionship. As a mother, she would have borne, nursed and raised children, passing on her spiritual values.
Her position required her to be disciplined, nurturing and wise in conducting family affairs. She would have been well-provided for by Joakim, but still maintained daily responsibilities at home.
Virtuous Reputation
Susanna was known for her virtuous reputation and had earned the trust and respect of those around her. Her dignified conduct and propriety reflected the ideal woman of that time. She was God-fearing and considered righteous by both family and community members.
The story indicates Susanna’s charm, as the elders secretly lusted after her. Yet she kept her chastity and protected her honor according to the law. Her modesty, prudence and devotion to purity remained steadfast despite being desirable and admired.
The False Accusation and Trial
Sexual Advances and Rejection
The story begins when two elders secretly watch the chaste and beautiful Susanna while she is bathing in her garden. They are filled with lust for her and conspire together to seduce her or accuse her of adultery if she refuses them.
Plot for Revenge
When Susanna repeatedly refuses their sexual advances and tries to escape, the two elders are enraged. They hatch an evil plot to falsely accuse Susanna of adultery with a young man, knowing that adultery is punishable by death under the law.
Death Sentence
The two elders bring Susanna to court and publicly accuse her in front of the people and judges. As respected leaders, they are easily believed. Susanna is condemned to death, even though she maintains her innocence.
Daniel’s Wise Intervention
Before the execution, the young Daniel interrupts and asks to examine the elders separately. Through wisdom from God, he shows that the two men contradict each other in their testimony. They lied to cover their failed attempt to seduce Susanna!
The false witnesses are put to death according to the law, “and from that day onward Daniel had a great reputation among the people” (Daniel 13:64 NRSVCE). As for Susanna, she is finally freed and her good name restored.
Vindication and Symbolic Legacy
Exoneration Through Witness Examination
Susanna’s courageous faith even when facing death is regarded as the catalyst for justice. Her refusal to be exploited and confidence in God’s plan motivated the re-examination of the dishonest elders (Daniel 13:28-42).
This Biblical event established precedents for witness interrogation and evidence evaluation in Judeo-Christian justice traditions.
The young Daniel’s examination exposed contradictions in the elders’ testimonies about the alleged crime details (Daniel 13:51-59). This demonstrated Susanna’s innocence and upheld righteousness in the community.
The deceitful elders were then sentenced to death according to the laws instituted by Moses (Daniel 13:61-62).
Enduring Example of Righteous Feminine Virtue
Across history, Susanna has been extolled as a virtuous woman who inspires feminine dignity. Her steadfast devotion, even when suffering injustice, is seen as a testament to honorable womanhood.
Many theologians like Jerome and Thomas Aquinas analyzed Susanna allegorically. They saw her as the personification of the pure and faithful Church that withstands violations from corrupt oppressors (New Advent Encyclopedia). Her vindication offers hope of truth prevailing.
Some scholars note that Susanna rejecting sexual exploitation connects her symbolically to the Virgin Mary. Susanna’s bathing imagery intertwined with moral fortitude in Christian iconography also resembles traditional personifications of Temperance and Chastity in medieval Christian art (BRILL Encyclopedia).
Conclusion
The account of Susanna preserved in the Book of Daniel provides enduring inspiration. Though she faced catastrophic injustice, her faith in God and commitment to virtue led to her vindication and an archetypal status as an icon of dignity.
Her courage continues to motivate righteousness in the face of exploitation.